chapter 7 developing assessment instruments quiz

Standardized written examinations were first implemented in China. However these examinations did not offer an official avenue to government appointment, the majority of which were filled through recommendations based on qualities such as social status, morals, and ability. A precursor to the later Chinese imperial examinations was in place since the Han dynasty, during which the Confucian characteristic of the examinations was determined. Oral exams were administered in various parts of the world including ancient China and Europe. For example, tests of skill such as archery contests have existed in China since the Zhou dynasty (or, more mythologically, Yao). Informal, unofficial, and non-standardized tests and testing systems have existed throughout history. 'The Official Career of Xu Xianqing' - on the bottom right the imperial examination examinees sit their exam, 1590, Ming dynasty Oral and informal examinations For example, Educational Testing Service (ETS), a nonprofit educational testing and assessment organization, develops standardized tests such as the SAT but may not directly be involved in the administration or proctoring of these tests. In some instances, the developer of the test may not be directly responsible for its administration. The norm may be established independently, or by statistical analysis of a large number of participants.Ī test may be developed and administered by an instructor, a clinician, a governing body, or a test provider.

A test score may be interpreted with regards to a norm or criterion, or occasionally both. Formal testing often results in a grade or a test score. A formal test might be a final examination administered by a teacher in a classroom or an IQ test administered by a psychologist in a clinic. An example of an informal test is a reading test administered by a parent to a child. Often, the format and difficulty of the test is dependent upon the educational philosophy of the instructor, subject matter, class size, policy of the educational institution, and requirements of accreditation or governing bodies.Ī test may be administered formally or informally. There is no general consensus or invariable standard for test formats and difficulty. Tests vary in style, rigor and requirements. A test may be administered verbally, on paper, on a computer, or in a predetermined area that requires a test taker to demonstrate or perform a set of skills. American students in a computer fundamentals class taking a computer-based test in 2001Īn examination ( exam or evaluation) or test is an educational assessment intended to measure a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, or classification in many other topics (e.g., beliefs).

Chapter 7 developing assessment instruments quiz